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Nursing

A guide to the most useful nursing resources at IUPUI

About Citation Chaining

Citation Chaining

When you find resources that are highly relevant to your research topic, you can use citation chaining to find further relevant resources. There are two ways of identifying further relevant resources:

  1. Backward citation chaining - identify older resources published on your research topic

  2. Forward citation chaining - identify more recent resources published on your research topic

Backward Citation Chaining

Backward citation chaining

When you have a resource that is relevant to your research topic, you can find older resources on the same topic by reviewing the reference section located at the end of the article.

Screenshot of articles listed in reference section of a scholarly article

Gray, S. L., Fornaro, R., Turner, J., Boudreau, D. M., Wellman, R., Tannenbaum, C., Marcum, Z. A., Balderson, B., Cook, A., Jacobsen, A. L., & Phelan, E. A. (2023). Provider knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy to deprescribe opioids and sedative-hypnotics. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society71(5), 1580–1586. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.18202

NOTE

You must access and review the primary source of information to do your due diligence as a scholar. You should read and evaluate the primary source, rather than cite it secondarily, to ensure accuracy.

Forward Citation Chaining - About

Forward citation chaining

When you have a resource that is relevant to your research topic, you can find more recently published articles on the same topic. Specifically, search for resources that cited your relevant resource in their reference section. 

You can use multiple databases and Google Scholar to search using forward citation chaining. The benefit of using a database over Google Scholar is that it focuses your citation chaining search to topics relevant to that database. The benefit of using Google Scholar over a database is that it typically identifies the most citations.

PubMed Forward Citation Chaining

Forward citation chaining in PubMed

To find more recent resources that cited your relevant resource in PubMed:

  1. Navigate to PubMed
  2. Navigate to your relevant resource
  3. Click 'Cited by' on right
  4. Review resources in list that cited your resource
    1. NOTE: if your resource has been cited many times, select ''See all cited by articles' link to see full list 
    2. NOTE: you may want to also explore 'Similar articles' link

Screenshot of article record in PubMed. Links to select 'Cited by' and 'Similar Articles' in right column highlighted. List of 'Cited by' resources highlighted at bottom.

Google Scholar Forward Citation Chaining

Forward citation chaining in Google Scholar

To find more recent resources that cited your relevant resource in Google Scholar:

  1. Navigate to Google Scholar via IUPUI University Library
  2. Navigate to your relevant resource
  3. Click 'Cited by' below resource
  4. Review resources in list that cited your resource

Screenshot of article in Google Scholar search with link 'Cited by 14' highlighted underneath article details